Earth – Interactive Maps

Earth Science How the planet works, confidence-weighted Knowledge Graph

Earth Systems & Climate Carbon cycle, atmospheric feedbacks, ocean-atmosphere coupling, and tipping points as one connected system.

Ocean Science Thermohaline circulation, biological pump, acidification chemistry, and deep-sea ecosystems.

Geology & Plate Tectonics Deep Earth structure, mantle dynamics, plate boundaries, and the rock cycle.

Volcanology & Seismology Eruption mechanics, earthquake dynamics, and the hard limits of hazard prediction.

Atmospheric Science Jet stream, stratospheric chemistry, ozone layer, and aerosol-cloud interactions.

Cryosphere Ice sheet dynamics, permafrost carbon feedback, glacier mass balance, and sea level contribution.

Hydrology Freshwater systems, groundwater recharge, river dynamics, and aquifer depletion.

Soil Science Soil carbon, microbial ecology, erosion rates, and the vast gap between formation and depletion timescales.

Ecology & Biosphere Food webs, trophic cascades, biodiversity dynamics, and extinction drivers.

Tensions & Industry Claims, evidence, and disputes about what humans are doing to and with the planet Tension Map

Deep-Sea Mining Mineral wealth claims vs. ecosystem recovery evidence and the unresolved ISBA regulatory standoff.

Land Mining & Critical Minerals Energy transition mineral needs vs. land, water, and community impact of lithium, cobalt, and rare earths.

Geoengineering Claims and risks of stratospheric aerosol injection, marine cloud brightening, and ocean iron fertilization.

Carbon Capture & Storage What is proven at scale vs. what remains speculative for CCS, direct air capture, and BECCS.

Deforestation & Land Use Carbon accounting of forests, tropical loss rates, and the contested evidence on REDD+ effectiveness.

Plastic Pollution Ocean plastic claims, microplastic harm evidence, and the gap between cleanup technology promises and reality.

Nuclear Energy Safety record, waste storage, cost overruns, and nuclear's genuinely contested role in decarbonization.

Technology What is being built, and how ready it actually is. Maturity by TRL Technology Maturity Map

Renewable Energy Solar PV, offshore wind, grid-scale storage, and green hydrogen mapped by maturity level.

Carbon Removal Direct air capture, enhanced weathering, biochar, and ocean alkalinity enhancement by TRL.

Climate Adaptation Sea walls, managed retreat, floating infrastructure, and heat resilience technologies by deployment readiness.